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Introduction:

Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bite of infected mosquitoes. Malaria is preventable and curable and in many places, increased prevention and measures to control the disease have dramatically reduced the number of cases.

According to the World Malaria Report 2011, there were about 216 million cases of malaria and an estimated 655,000 deaths in 2010. Deaths from malaria have fallen by more than one quarter globally since the year 2000 and by one third in Africa.

Approximately half of the world&rsquo;s population is at risk of malaria. Most malaria cases and deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa, where a child still dies every minute from the disease. However, Asia, Latin America, and to a lesser extent the Middle East and parts of Europe are also affected.

Groups of people especially at risk include:

<ul>
	<li>Young children who have not yet developed protective immunity against the most severe forms of the disease;</li>
	<li>Pregnant women who are not immune, as malaria causes high rates of miscarriages and can lead to maternal death;</li>
	<li>Pregnant women who are partly immune. Malaria can result in miscarriage and low birth weight, especially during first and second pregnancies;</li>
	<li>HIV-infected pregnant women. Women with malaria infection of the placenta also have a higher risk of passing HIV infection to their newborns;</li>
	<li>People with HIV/AIDS;</li>
	<li>International travelers from malaria free areas because they lack immunity;</li>
	<li>Immigrants and their children living in areas without malaria and returning to their home countries to visit friends and relatives are similarly at risk because of waning or absent immunity.</li>
</ul>

The main way to reduce malaria transmission at the community level is to control the mosquitos. There are a number of examples from around the world showing how this can reduce malaria transmission from very high levels to close to zero. 
 
For the individual person, the first line of defense against malaria is to protect oneself against mosquito bites.

Vietnam, where deaths from malaria were reduced by 97% in just five years, has, along with other countries, shown that it is possible to drastically reduce the numbers of malaria cases and deaths on a national scale.

Could your community do the same on a local scale?

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Directive:

<ol>
	<li>Read the files.</li>
	<li>Prepare a 30-minute presentation for a group of people who are interested in learning about malaria, and whom you consider can use the information.</li>
	<li>Address the following: 
	a.&nbsp;Explain what malaria is. 
	b.&nbsp;Explain how malaria is transmitted. 
	c.&nbsp;Explain the cycle of malaria. 
	d.&nbsp;Explain why Plasmodium falciparum is so dangerous. 
	e.&nbsp;Explain what people can do to prevent getting sick from malaria. 
	f.&nbsp;Explain why you have to take medicine if you get malaria.</li>
	<li>Discuss your points with other distance learners or colleagues and revise, where necessary.</li>
	<li>Give the presentation to the group of people you have chosen.</li>
	<li>Send your presentation and input you got from it to your tutor for possible comments</li>
</ol>
Files: 
 
F1. Malaria &ndash; time for prevention!,&nbsp;Humana People to People, 2005. 
 
F2 .Interventions to control malaria, from WHO Roll Back Malaria, 2010, Progress and Impact.&nbsp; page 92-93 
 
 
 
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