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The task is to zoom in on Europe’s relations with the Middle East and North Africa – the present ties and the challenges and possibilities in the decade to come.
Time:
hours
Introduction:
The Middle East and North Africa has shared history with Europe for thousands of years – many times peaceful and many times in conflict; the conflicts between the regions though not more numerous than the internal conflicts within the regions. During the last five hundred years the capitalistic economy and industrialization developed in Europe, and the trade economies in North Africa and the Middle East suffered from this. The European colonialism and later the European imperialism caused dependent societies and economies and total European dominance upheld with violence. Europe has in this way laid a ground for mistrust towards its intentions from the two other regions, and together with differences in religion it has influenced the relations for many years.<br /> <br /> The Middle East Oil made a change in the relations. Europe and the West became dependent of oil supplies from the Middle East and North Africa and Europe and the US supported any “friendly” government in the region to keep stability and secure the oil supplies and undermined the “unfriendly”. The West has supported several rulers who were not at all supported by the people in the area. At the same time the establishing of the state of Israel created an on going conflict, which the West, especially the US, to a big extent has been responsible for not having solved. Pakistan has an unsolved conflict with India about Kashmir, and the West supports mainly India. Iran was announced part of the “axes of evil” by the US. The US/West warfare in Afghanistan and Iraq has created other strong opinions towards the West. The present Syrian civil war has as one of the consequences generated a new anti-West military organization. These conflicts have generated a big amount of refugees, at the moment especially from Syria, and they are only reluctantly received in Europe. Together all these old and new conflicts have caused terror attacks towards the West. The West has again reacted, and the spiral of action/reaction have continued, supplied with new constructs of “enemy images”. It seems as many problematic issues.<br /> <br /> There are other developments and tendencies. Iran and the West are maybe approaching each other despite nuclear disputes and old contradictions. The cultural bonds between the regions are still strong. The regions have a lot of mutual trade, and the financial markets are closely connected. The oil business demands stability and compromises in political actions. The policies of Israel cause more and more annoyance in Europe so e.g. the EU will be forced to act towards a solution. Solutions of the conflicts demand cooperation. They cannot be dictated.<br /> <br /> Europe is trying to keep the Islamic neighbourhood on the other side of the fence, and at the same time it is obvious that Europe, like always, has to corporate with these two nearby regions. The question is the conditions under which this could take place; who/what decide the terms. A global perspective on the matter maybe forces Europe to corporate closer with the regions, because the alternative could be that both the Middle East and North Africa would turn to Asia and Africa respectively. This does not seem favourable for Europe. Even “fortress Europe” does not appear capable of keeping out the refugees and immigrants from the two regions. Europe will have to deal with this – and deal with the people, the immigrants, on a sustainable way.<br /> <br /> Europe needs to buy oil, and the Middle East and North Africa need to sell oil. But what happens if Europe goes green and does not need the oil in the present amount? A situation, which calls for political and social preparation already now. A relevant answer could maybe come from the European governments, maybe more likely from various NGO`s. Anyway it is important that people in all regions have space for interaction and cooperation.<br /> <br /> Israel-Palestine conflict<br /> The Syrian war<br /> The American/European invasions<br /> The Arab spring or …<br /> Islamism<br /> War on terror<br /> Israel´s special position<br /> Coalition and development aid, and loans<br /> Cooperating or conflicting<br /> Trade<br /> Migrations<br /> History of colonialism<br /> Oil and its diminishing importance<br /> Europe with no need for Middle East oil
Directive:
The task is set to 8 hours.<br /> <br /> Read the introduction and the questions and make sure you understand the overall aim of the task.<br /> Read ALL the files.<br /> <br /> How to use this task:<br /> <br /> Variant 1.<br /> You can solve the task individually by answering all the questions in the form of a 3-page text.<br /> <br /> Variant 2.<br /> You can solve the task commonly, where your teammates and you share different parts of the topic among yourselves and present to each other in a form of a course. The whole course with all the parts shouldn’t exceed 2 hours.<br /> Each one of you will end up with a 1-page text about your part of the topic and the conclusion from your part of the course. All the materials you used for your part of the course should also be send to your teacher.<br /> <br /> Use additional sources if you find it beneficial, especially if you have chosen the variant 2. The origin of additional sources must be noted for control.<br /> <br /> The issues to work with:<br /> <br /> File 1: The EU and the Middle East in general <ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"> <li>What are the main principles in the European Middle East policy, and what is Europe promoting? What is especially in the European interest? What is specifically in the interest of the Middle East countries?</li> <li>What role does the article give to the west in the “failed states and Balkanization” of the Middle East – and why?</li> <li>Understand the three concepts of Islamism and sum up the arguments for the need of discussing/negotiating with Islamists</li> </ol> <br /> File 2: The EU and the Israel-Palestine conflict <ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"> <li>What is the position of EU towards the Israeli occupation of the Palestine areas? What are the background and the perspectives of this policy? How does the article: Gaza, the Goy look upon the attitudes and policies of e.g. Europe in the conflict?</li> <li>What is the position of EU to the peace process? What kind of peace, and on which terms? What is the hope for or perspective in a two-states solution?</li> <li>The article announce Israel as an outlaw state. What are their arguments for this statement? How do they look upon the influence of the West esp. the US in this context?</li> </ol> File 3: The EU and North Africa <ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"> <li>Read and describe in main points the position of the Middle East and North Africa in the European foreign policy.</li> <li>Describe the background and some major consequences of the current migration to Europe, legal or illegal.</li> </ol> File 4: The EU and Iran <ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"> <li>What strategic approaches does the article express about the relations between Europe and Iran?</li> </ol> File 5: The EU and Turkey <ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"> <li>Take a stand to the pro and cons for Turkey´s membership of the EU. Who holds back – EU or Turkey?</li> <li>What are the changes in the situation that makes Turkey more eager to apply for membership of the EU?</li> </ol> <br /> FILES:<br /> <br /> ,
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Search words:
Europe, relations, Middle East, North Africa, challenges, possibilities, future, conflict, regions, capitalistic, economy, industrialization, trade, colonialism, imperialism, oil, axes of evil, refugees, terror, attacks, nuclear
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