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The task is to understand what Conservation Farming is, what the main differences between CF and conventional agriculture are and what is needed to get farmers to start trying it out for themselves.
Time:
hours
Introduction:
The main file on Conservation Farming explains that this agricultural method consists of: <ol> <li> <p>retention (no burning) of at least 30% of crop residue</p> </li> <li> <p>land tillage of only 10–15% of the surface area without soil inversion</p> </li> <li> <p>land preparation:</p> </li> </ol> <p style="margin-left:40px">• during the dry season to break the plough pan<br /> • immediately after harvest for seedbed preparation for the following season</p> <ol> <li> <p>precise and permanent grid of planting stations, furrows, pits, trenches or ridges on the contour</p> </li> <li> <p>rotation with nitrogen-fixing legumes of at least 30% of the cropped area</p> </li> </ol> These practices all have the aim of building up a health, living soil. How do they do that? Try if you can, already now before reading the files, to figure out why it improves the soil that you do not burn the crop residues? Is it just the heat that is destructive? Or could the organic material in the form of stalks, roots and dead weeds on the ground have one or more important functions in sustaining life in the soil - and what are they then?<br /> <br /> What about the tillage? Why can it be good not to invert the soil, but only make small holes or furrows in which to plant the seeds? And how can it benefit to leave a large part of the soil (here stated as 85-90% of the area) untilled?<br /> What is a plough pan and why is it beneficial to break it?<br /> <br /> What is the advantage of planting the crops in exactly the same furrows or pits every year? <br /> <br /> As you will see, there are many Zambian farmers who have taken up Conservation Farming, and that they benefit from this in the form of improved yields, especially in years with irregular rainfalls. But the file also tells that many farmers only partially implement the methods.<br /> <br /> It is therefore a task for anyone training farmers to investigate what are the factors that hinder a full implementation of the system, and what can be done to solve the problems that prevent this change in practices.
Directive:
<ol> <li> <p>Read the file on Conservation Agriculture.</p> </li> <li> <p>Make a list of issues where Conservation Farming and conventional agriculture differ and train yourself to explain the differences.</p> </li> <li> <p>Test your explanations on a group of persons who have opinions about sustainable and efficient food production.</p> </li> <li> <p>Send your list and your written explanation to at least 3 points to your tutor.</p> </li> </ol>
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Language:
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Portuguese
Search words:
conservation farming, agricultural method, retention, land tillage, soil inversion, land preparation, planting stations, rotation, living soil, organic material, sustaining soil
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