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The task is to learn about socialist society with its basis, production relations and superstructure exemplified by the development of the Soviet Union and China, their internal disagreements and the development of Cuba.
Time:
hours
Introduction:
The Russian revolution of 1917 became the first successful socialist revolution. After World War II several countries in Eastern Europe got socialist governments, most of them in alliance with the Soviet Union.<br /> <br /> In 1949, China’s communists took power. The following years a war was fought that resulted in partition of Korea and a socialist North Korea. Liberation wars in South East Asia resulted in socialist governments in former French Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia) after 1975.<br /> <br /> Several African countries tried to build African socialism after independence, some in cooperation with the Soviet Union, some trying their own models.<br /> In the Americas, Cuban rebels overthrew a dictatorship in 1959 and began to build Cuban socialism under the leadership of Fidel Castro.<br /> Many other countries had strong socialist movements; some were bloodily suppressed such as when a military dictatorship in Indonesia with backing of the USA killed hundreds of thousands of members of the Indonesian communist party. Other communist parties were not prosecuted in the same manner and some had influence for a while, some are still of importance today but many communist parties were dissolved after the fall of the Soviet Union.<br /> <br /> Within the countries that started to build socialism during the 20th century different models of economic development was tried. In the Soviet Union, Stalin became head of state and ruled for almost 30 years. He introduced a very centralized system with himself as the dictator in the midst of it all. This was a harsh and very stiff system that was often very inefficient.<br /> <br /> In China, under Mao Tse Tung, a more decentralized socialist system was tried with emphasis on local development of the rural areas and provincial towns.<br /> <br /> For many years China and the Soviet Union were very hostile towards each other.<br /> The Soviet Union, however, collapsed in 1991.<br /> After the death of Mao Tse Tung in 1976, the communist party reformed the Chinese economy and introduced a capitalist economic system. Some believe China is no longer socialist, others think it was a smart move, as China has now become the largest industrial producer in the world with a booming capitalist production.<br /> Socialism in Eastern Europe has ended. Vietnam has introduced economic reforms inspired by China. Most African countries have given up any attempt of building socialism.<br /> But Cuba remains committed to a socialist economic system. This has been quite difficult as Cuba used to have much cooperation with the Soviet Union. Thus the country was in deep crisis when oil imports from the Soviet Union abruptly ended. But the Cubans managed to maintain their system despite very severe sanctions organized by USA.<br /> <br /> Today some countries in Latin America, such as Venezuela, Ecuador and Bolivia are introducing reforms inspired by socialist ideas and they cooperate with Cuba.<br /> <br /> When the Soviet Union collapsed some believed this was the end of socialism and the world is today dominated by capitalism. The ideas of socialism and the good and bad experiences gained in the 20th century have not been forgotten, but have been effectively sidelined and overruled by capitalism.<br />
Directive:
This task is scheduled for 5 hours<br /> <br /> 1. Read the texts.<br /> 2. Prepare a 10-minute speech of socialism and how it developed in Russia, China and Cuba – and how Che Guevara viewed the development of people under socialism.<br /> 3. Produce some questions for the film "The Power of Community", produced by the Arthur Morgan Institute for Community Solutions, 2006 (from the media server).<br /> 4. Give your speech and see the film "The Power of Community" with a group at your school or others. Then discuss questions and conclude on what can be learnt about socialism as an economic system different from capitalism.<br /> 5. Send notes of your speech, your questions and a summary of the discussion to your teacher.
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Search words:
socialism;che gevara;russia;china;cuba;community;economic system;economy;capitalism;
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