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Introduction:

The liberation struggle had started in Angola in 1961. This threatened to spread also into Mozambique. The colonial power thought it could counteract by some reforming. At the same time there had been some criticism of Portugal in Europe. 
Eduardo Mondlane explains in &ldquo;The struggle for Mozambique&rdquo; how the Portuguese colonial power treated the Mozambicans even after these demands for reforms had surfaced and resulted in some liberalizing laws. 
Reforms were introduced so also non-whites could vote, in principle. But the small openings were in other laws counteracted, so the liberalizing laws were used to showcase the special Portuguese way in a positive light, but other laws made them practically of no importance. 
In 1961 the question of citizenship was dealt with by giving all native inhabitants in Mozambique, Angola and Guinea full Portuguese citizenship. 
But the words of the laws were one thing and the practicing of them quite different. 
An example was that Mozambique - after having become an overseas territory with voting rights - in 1964 held elections. Statistics show that in Manica and Sofala with a total population of close to 780.000 there were 31.205 non-indigenous and the number of qualified voters were 31.054. In Cabo Delgado the total population counted 547.000, the non-indigenous counted 3.894 and the qualified voters counted 3.890. In Niassa the total population was 277.000, the non-indigenous 1.490 and the qualified voters 1.489. 
This shows that the right to vote was practically restricted to the white population. The whites were deemed qualified to vote. 
&nbsp; 
Of greater impact in peoples&rsquo; lives were job opportunities and the differences in salaries. The so-called un-assimilated Mozambicans, the vast majority of the population, were not only without political power at all, but also by law restricted in economic activities. They must not engage in any commercial activity. And they did not have the educational opportunities to enter a profession. 
Here the annual wage for a white person was 47.723 escudos; the colored, half-white man should get 23.269; the assimilated African 5.478 and the un-assimilated Africans 1.404.&nbsp; The ratio was the relation between 1: &frac12; : 1/8 : 1/32. You will find more telling information in Eduardo Mondlane&rsquo;s book. Enjoy your reading.

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