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This EXTRA task is to get an understanding of how to improve fruit production in your area, why the different methods such as pruning or stressing help to increase yields and also how to harvest and handle the fruits to reduce waste.
Time:
hours
Introduction:
Fruits have been part of the diets of humans since the very beginning, just as it is for our relatives the big apes and most monkeys. Eating fruits is one of the reasons that primates developed the ability to see the red colors. Most animals are not able to distinguish between red and green - they evolved from burrowing species who did not need this ability as they lived of insects or seeds. But for primates the detection of red and orange fruit, as well as nutrient-rich new foliage, in which the red and orange colors (carotenoids) have not yet been masked by the green chlorophyll, is important, and this contributed to the successful evolution of the many primates, among which we are counted.<br /> Fruits, in another evolutionary development, evolved in plants as a way to spread their seeds. The system is simply to get a bird or animal to eat the fruit but that the fruit has some seeds that are able to pass through the digestive system so they can germinate in the fertilized environment of the bird or animal manure. For the fruit to be attractive as food, the plant needs to use some energy to produce sugars. The plant is not interested in getting the fruit taken before the seeds are ripe. This is why immature fruits are sour or bitter. But when the seeds are ripe, the fruits turn sweet and we and many others will eat them. So, it was useful for the plants to develop a system so that animals and birds could see when the fruits are ripe. And most plants have systems so that the fruit changes color as it ripens.<br /> This is an example of how evolution takes place in parallel among many different species. The plants gradually develop the systems of fruits, and primates develop the system of being able to detect the color of ripe fruits.<br /> Fruits have been essential to humans as a way to provide the many vitamins and chemical substances we cannot produce. Most fruits, for example, contain large amounts of vitamin C, which are essential for keeping our gums and in general the inner and outer skin healthy, besides its function as antioxidant that keeps down the number of toxic substances that can lead to cancer.<br /> The colors of fruits are often because of some substances that are healthy for us. The orange colors are nearly always because of carotenoids, from which vitamin A is produced. So it is good to eat papaya and mango.<br /> The red colors of many fruits come from a group of substances called anthocyanins, which are substances that boost our immune systems and reduce the number of cancer cases.<br /> So, besides the pleasure we get out of eating delicious fruits, there are plenty of health benefits also.<br />
Directive:
<ol> <li>Read the selected pages in the file on fruit production.</li> <li>Find out which fruit species farmers in your area are growing, and for which species it would be good to suggest methods to improve yields and reduce waste after harvest.</li> <li>Produce a good instruction for how to improve the yield among farmers in your area</li> <li>Select 10 farmers in the area that you instruct. You can do it by their home or gather them.</li> <li>Send your instruction and summary about what the farmers said to your lesson.</li> </ol>
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Search words:
fruit production; fruit; farming; food security; food; agriculture; development; service period; africa;
Status:
In progress
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