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01 AFR - The African continent (425p)
02 BIG - Big Issues of our Time (325p)
03 HIS - History of the World (225p)
04 CEU Contemporary Europe (325p)
05 FEU The Future of Europe (325p)
06 FWP - Fighting with the Poor (400p)
07 BIP Bringing It to the Public (350p)
08 LAN Mastering Languages - English (375p)
09 MW Mastering the Material World (300p)
10 T21 The Teacher and the School of the 21st Century (125p)
11 EPI Epistemology (125p)
12 PED The Pedagogy of OWU and DNS (250p)
13 DMM The Science of the Doctrine of the Modern Method (100p)
14 HOR Horticulture. Good cooking (175p)
15 LSS Lifestyle Sustainability (125p)
16 WP The World of Politics (150p)
17 WA The World of Arts (100p)
18 OF Open Future (100p)
19 TP Teaching Practice (350)
20 SSO Specialisation Social Science (225)
21 SHS Specialization History (225)
22 MON Monograph (300)
24 SNT Specialization Natural Science (225)
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AFR 1S Travel preparations
AFR 2S The history of Africa
AFR 3S African Nature
AFR 4S Africa - facts and figures
AFR 5S Across Africa
AFR 6S Investigating Western Africa
AFR 7S Investigating Southern Africa
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The task is to understand some basic facts about the economy of Mozambique since independence and what this has meant to the economy of the poor.
Time:
hours
Introduction:
Mozambique achieved independence in 1975. The time since then has been difficult<br /> economic times not just for Mozambique but for many African and other Third<br /> World countries. Some of the troubles are unique to Mozambique but many are also<br /> found in other countries as they are a result of policies imposed by Western<br /> countries and international agencies as the IMF (International Monetary Fund).<br /> At the time of independence a great number of Portuguese left Mozambique. Many<br /> had leading government and business positions. Suddenly their skills were missing.<br /> Some settlers even destroyed equipment when they left for Portugal making life<br /> difficult for Mozambicans.<br /> <br /> FRELIMO started building the economy inspired by socialist principles. Differences<br /> in wages and living conditions between rich and poor were small – and most people<br /> were quite poor. The civil war that soon started and the fighting in first Rhodesia and<br /> later South Africa spilled into Mozambique with refugees crossing borders,<br /> economic sanctions, boycotts and cross border violence. The end of the civil war<br /> brought new hopes and prospects for economic development.<br /> <br /> In the 1990s, however, the IMF forced Mozambique to implement “structural<br /> adjustment programs” as a precondition for loans and development aid. Salaries for<br /> government workers such as teachers had to be cut dramatically. To maintain an<br /> acceptable living standard many government workers took extra jobs and did not<br /> take well care of their government position or started to accept bribes. This had been<br /> unusual in the early years of independence but was a sad consequence of the<br /> pressure from rich countries that created a new tradition of petty corruption, which<br /> continued even after salaries were later raised.<br /> <br /> The structural adjustment policies also opened up Mozambique to foreign<br /> investment and trade. Some very big investment in mining has increased the GDP of<br /> Mozambique, but because these large business projects do not employ many people<br /> they have not improved conditions for poor Mozambicans.<br /> <br /> Because Mozambique in most cases did as the IMF and foreign donors demanded<br /> the country has a good standing among donor agencies. This means many aid<br /> projects funded from donors and friendly relations with most countries around the<br /> world. The result of following the demands of IMF has therefore not been only<br /> negative.
Directive:
1. Read the text.<br /> <br /> 2. Find a fellow student who is also reading the chapter and doing the task (you<br /> could also be 3 or 4). Each of you makes a list of five main points in title and<br /> wording that you find important to discuss so as to get a good understanding of this<br /> text.<br /> <br /> 3. Hold a meeting and discuss the points on both of your lists. Make a short<br /> conclusion for each point and write it down. The meeting can be face to face or held<br /> via Skype if necessary. Your discussion can also include assisting each other to<br /> analyze and understand the graphs and tables in the chapter. (If it is impossible to<br /> find another student doing this task you may instead consider each of the points<br /> yourself and write a conclusion on your own).<br /> <br /> 4. Send your points with title, wording and conclusion to your tutor.
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