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Introduction:

The Republic of Uganda is bordered to the north by Southern Sudan, the east by 
Kenya, the south by Tanzania and Rwanda and the west by the Democratic Republic 
of Congo. The country has an area of 236, 040 km 2 and is characterized by plateaus, 
at an average of 900m above sea level. It lies between the Western and Eastern sides 
of the Rift Valley, as well as having the Alto Nilo Valley at its centre and the 
Ruwenzori mountains on its border with the Congo. 
 
It is estimated that there were around 31.8 million inhabitants of Uganda in 2010, 
who live mainly on the edges of the great lakes in the region (Victoria, Edward, 
Albert, George, Kyoga, Kwania, etc). The country has important natural resources, 
including fertile soils and large copper and cobalt deposits. Agriculture is the most 
important sector economically and employs more than 80% of the workforce, with 
most income arising from coffee exports. 
 
It is good to recognize that Uganda, with the support of other countries and 
international agencies, has been working to rehabilitate an economy desecrated by 
the dictatorial regime of Idi Amin and the subsequent civil war between the 
Ugandan National Liberation Front and the National Resistance Army (NRA). You 
can deepen your knowledge of both these events through tasks 2 and 3: The era of 
Idi Amin and Conflicts in Uganda) respectively. 
 
In January of 1986, YoweriMuseveni of the NRI fought his way to the presidency 
and finally ended the abuses of human rights characteristic of Amin and his 
successor&rsquo;s regimes. He began installing policies for liberation and freedom of the 
press, establishing agreements with the International Monetary Fund, the World 
Bank and with other countries. Musevini was democratically elected in 1996 with 
more than 75% of votes. 
 
With Museveni, Uganda has been internationally recognised for its quick and 
progressive response against HIV/AIDS through national prevention awareness 
raising campaigns and treatment etc. In the 1980s almost 30% of Ugandans had 
contracted the HIV virus. The current national rate is around 6.4%. Extreme poverty 
has reduced from 56% in 1992/93 to 31% in 2005/06 and to 23.3.% in 2009/2010. 
 
Learn more of the basic facts about Uganda from the files available. Good luck!

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