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Introduction:

From the European past we know Fascism and Nazism as far right movements and 
as a main substance in the background for World War II, but also from other wars 
and conflicts around the world. Far right movements are of course in contradiction to 
left wing movements, like socialism and communism, but they seem to be a mix of 
many things e.g. connected to strong nationalism, many times racism, antagonism 
against emigrants, changes from &ldquo;normality&rdquo; in society in general, often expressed 
through violence, anger and fear and clinging to symbols from the past, many times 
including religion. A world in change, on the move &ndash;it is a big challenge. 
 
At the moment there are many, and several strong, far right movements in Europe. 
The Nazi party in Germany is prohibited, but there are a strong far right movement 
especially in the former East Germany. The fascist party in Italy is still existing, 
though in a different form, and have a considerable influence in Italian politics. In all 
West European countries there are parties and movements with a far right 
perspective e.g. in France and Great Britain, and in East and Central European 
countries far right movements are growing stronger. Hungary has e.g. at the moment 
a very conservative, nationalistic government supported by a far right party, and the 
parliamentary democratic system is under big pressure. 
 
The world, and Europe, is changing at the moment and the &ldquo;normality&rdquo; is kind of 
challenged. There has been an economic crisis for almost 5 years. It is still difficult 
to see the end of it, and people in general are the ones to pay for it to a big extent. 
The gap between the fortunate and the non-fortunate is getting bigger within the 
countries. Europe is still a relatively rich region and is the goal for many refugees 
and emigrants, legal or illegal, from poorer places around the world. Europe&acute;s 
former dominant, political position in the world is challenged by other cultures, 
countries and continents. The political culture in many countries is dominated more 
and more by an elite of &ldquo;professionalised&rdquo; politicians, and not all people feel 
themselves represented in the political decision process. If all these challenges are 
not dealt with in a constructive and transparent way, they can generate insecurity 
about the future, the perspective for people&acute;s lives - and what to do with it. 
 
Like with Nazism and Fascism in the 1920es there are always some who politically 
and economically have their interests in far right movements. At that time it was the 
big finance and strong nationalistic, non-democratic interests The question at the 
moment is why the growth in far right movements is so strong in Europe. What is 
the background, and who are the interests behind this growth. Who can benefit from 
it, and why do the many people participating think that this could be an appropriate 
way to address the general situation and their own. What is the background and 
perspective?

Directive:

Read the introduction and the questions and make clear the overall aim of the task. 
Read the files. Use additional sources if you find it beneficial. The origin of 
additional sources must be noted for control. 
 
The issues to work with: 
1. Note what is in the concept of the far right, and what social, political and 
economical practices this concept is related to through history. Give examples 
of actions taken by far right movements 
 
2. Study what could be typical circumstances promoting far right movements or 
tendencies. Give examples from the history.Give examples from the present 
and consider why these movements are progressing at the moment. What are 
the similarities or the differences between the different far right movements 
throughout Europe. 
 
3. Consider what or who could have their interests in supporting far right 
movements, or who could use them for their own purposes to some extent. Is 
this the same picture all over Europe. 
 
4. What are the main opponents to the far right movements, and what can or 
should be done to stop the progression of the far right movements. 
 
5. Consider what economic crisis, many times increasing lack of support to 
political questions, progressing far right movements does to the social and 
political climate in Europe 
 
6. Consider what are the likely near future for the far right movements and the 
likely social and political scenario for people in Europe. 
 
7. Make a poster with the most important far right movements and their size and 
impact in the countries and outside. Write the arguments for this and the most 
likely prognosis for the development.

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