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The task is to study the concept of and the implementation of democracy if, as it seems, there will be a more federal EU
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hours
Introduction:
The EU is a unique institution so far in World History. It is the first time an attempt in this<br /> scale is made to, voluntarily, construct a supra-national organization, implying that the<br /> member states decide to hand over parts of their national sovereignty to the supra-national<br /> body, the EU. This process of handing over sovereignty is still not settled totally, but on its<br /> way. There is an on going discussion about the power relation between the national states<br /> and the EU – who is the one to decide in what matters?<br /> <br /> The structure and the various bodies of the EU are explained in other tasks, also the “say”<br /> the different national states have on common and own matters. The main issue in this task<br /> is the decision processes and the possibilities for influence on the decisions and the<br /> decision makers for people in the various states and other interested parties. In this context<br /> - is it, or how is it, possible to make a parliamentary democratic system like in the main<br /> part of the European national states? Is this something to go for, or are there alternative<br /> ways to govern a future more federal EU, parliamentary democracy or not? How are the<br /> big decisions supposed to be taken and by who?<br /> <br /> There will probably not be a clear answer to this, because power and influence is often a<br /> delicate political issue. It depends on the interests of the leading parties in the various<br /> states, the interests of the EU, and also what the populations in the states think are in their<br /> interests – and all this can depend on the circumstances. Some examples:<br /> Germany, as a state, was the decisive power in the process of securing the Euro Zone<br /> financially, not the EU bodies, not the German people.<br /> <br /> The EU, and the big European states, supported temporary technocratic, meaning not<br /> democratic elected, governments in Greece and Italy. People in general had no influence.<br /> The people in general have had only little influence in the handling of the economic crisis.<br /> The state in debt almost the same. Who has had the decision power?<br /> <br /> The Commission many times makes new directives so broad that they are object to<br /> interpretations in the member states, ultimately leaving it to the EU court to make the final<br /> interpretation - a legal process, not a political process.<br /> <br /> The talks between the EU and the US about a free trade agreement is held more or less in<br /> secrecy to avoid too much public turbulence on the issues discussed.<br /> <br /> The EU commissioners are pointed out by the national governments, not elected by the<br /> national electors, and not by the European parliament.<br /> <br /> The process of the EU becoming more and more integrated and federal, is often not<br /> discussed openly in the national states, or parliaments. The process just “happens”. The<br /> same goes for the massive lobbyism going on in the political processes in the EU, with the<br /> consequence that people around in Europe often do not know much about the reasons for<br /> the decisions made.<br /> <br /> Policies about climate issues and internal and extern immigration issues are objects for<br /> heavy discussions. Who are those to decide on behalf of my country and “me”.<br /> <br /> These examples also show the complexity and delicate balances in the decision process in<br /> the EU. If e.g. the European parliament should act as a national parliament and be the main<br /> official legislative power, the national parliaments would loose their main importance. The<br /> big countries would maybe have more say, and people in e.g. smaller countries could feel<br /> themselves overruled. In one way, more democracy, from another point of view, less<br /> democracy.<br /> <br /> If the EU were a federation, it would e.g. need a more defined leadership, a president. The<br /> big countries would have an advantage for electing their candidate because of the mere size<br /> of their populations. In one way this can seem fair, from the side of the little countries it<br /> can appear as a loss of power, of democratic influence.<br /> <br /> This task is about discussing if or how there can be a transparent, democratic link between<br /> the people in Europe and the EU leadership and where the decisions in a more federal<br /> Europe are actually made. Do, or can, people have more influence, or will it be that a big<br /> part of the population in reality is not a part of the decision process.
Directive:
Read the introduction and the questions and make sure you understand the overall aim of<br /> the task.<br /> <br /> Read ALL the files.<br /> How to use this task:<br /> <br /> <em><strong>Variant 1.</strong></em> <div style="margin-left: 40px;">You can solve the task individually by answering all the questions in the form of a 3-page<br /> text.<br /> </div> <em><strong>Variant 2.</strong></em><br /> You can solve the task commonly, where your teammates and you share different parts of<br /> the topic among yourselves and present to each other in a form of a course. The whole<br /> course with all the parts shouldn’t exceed 2 hours.<br /> Each one of you will end up with a 1-page text about your part of the topic and the<br /> conclusion from your part of the course. All the materials you used for your part of the<br /> course should also be send to your teacher.<br /> <br /> <em><strong>Use additional sources if you find it beneficial, especially if you have chosen the variant 2.<br /> The origin of additional sources must be noted for control.</strong></em><br /> <br /> <em><strong>The issues to work with:</strong></em><br /> • Read file 1: The EU and decisions <div style="margin-left: 40px;">• What will be the main changes if a more federal EU?<br /> b´s) Get an overview over the history and the decisions process in the EU.<br /> How can this kind of governance be described? What is for EU to decide and<br /> what for the national states in the big picture?<br /> • How does the political statement of the chairman of the European<br /> Commission fit into this context?<br /> • Read file 2: The need of democracy<br /> </div> a´s) According the theses files: <div style="margin-left: 40px;">What is lacking/gone wrong in the democratic processes in Europe/EU?<br /> What are the main improvements and changes of the democracy in Europe/EU that<br /> theses articles promote?<br /> What are the basic concepts/principles that the authors want to be the fundament for<br /> democracy in Europe/EU?<br /> b´s) According to theses files<br /> How do the authors see politics – and democracy – decide the economic realties –<br /> and not the opposite? What is/has been wrong?<br /> What principles should be decisive in the relation - the state and the market?<br /> What How would a process towards more federation make changes in the political<br /> processes in the EU? What are the areas where this happens today, and what would<br /> this mean for the national states?<br /> </div> • Read file 3: Critics of the EU <div style="margin-left: 40px;">a´s) Sum up what are the main arguments in the EU scepticism as illustrated by the<br /> authors? How has this scepticism arisen according to the authors?<br /> What is the seriousness applied?<br /> b´s) What problems are mentioned as major problems in the EU.?<br /> How to meet these problems – in broad scale<br /> What are the main political principles at stake for a better future for EU?<br /> </div> • Read file 4: Outside the democracy <div style="margin-left: 40px;">a) According to the author: Who/what has the real power in the world?<br /> Then what is left for the EU democracy- or what could/should be done?<br /> B´s) What is lobbyism in the EU and what is the impact of it?<br /> Is it good, bad, necessary or how to describe or distinguish?<br /> What could be done to mitigate the lobby impact on democracy?<br /> </div> • Read file 5: People acting <div style="margin-left: 40px;">• What is expressed to be the background for the right wing parties and movements<br /> to grow?<br /> What are their main goals? National or European? Do they agree?<br /> • What is background for the actions by the people mentioned?<br /> What are the political and social perspectives for these actions?<br /> Do they succeed in some way or another?<br /> How can this be related to the question of democracy in a more federal EU?</div>
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